会计准则导向、盈余管理方式选择与公司业绩Accounting Standards Orientation, Choice of Earnings Management Mode and Corporate Performance
宋菲;刘依然;周嘉南;
摘要(Abstract):
体现会计准则导向的自由裁量权为公司盈余管理提供了一种借助工具。由于应计、真实和分类转移三类盈余管理方式之间存在替代关系,本文利用2007-2017年A股上市公司样本考察会计准则导向对盈余管理方式选择的影响。研究发现,在原则导向会计准则下,公司会优先选择分类转移盈余管理,其次是真实盈余管理,最后选择应计盈余管理。在原则导向下应计盈余管理成本大大增加,成为最后选择,而分类转移可以提升公司未来业绩成为优先选择,真实盈余管理大大损害了公司未来业绩成为次要选择。进一步研究发现,机构投资者可以有效识别分类转移行为而不能识别应计和真实盈余管理行为;分析师可以识别真实盈余管理行为而不能很好地识别应计和分类转移盈余管理行为。
关键词(KeyWords): 会计准则导向;盈余管理;公司业绩
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目,项目编号:71371155;国家自然科学基金海外及港澳台学者合作研究基金项目,项目编号:71828203;; 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目,项目编号:19XJA630006
作者(Author): 宋菲;刘依然;周嘉南;
Email:
DOI: 10.13902/j.cnki.syyj.2020.12.009
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- ① Mergenthaler(2009)的做法是对每条会计准则按照这四个特征分别统计出对应的计数,然后按照计数大小分别进行排序,对其十等分后取计数最大的那十分之一的部分赋值为1,剩余部分赋值为0,最后将准则四个特征所得的赋值数相加即为衡量会计准则原则导向的指标RBC1。由于美国会计准则多达150多条,取十分位较为合理。然而考虑到我国的情况,我国会计准则仅有41条(2014年版本),而且由于我国的准则按照这四个规则导向的特征所统计出的计数都相差不大,仅仅取计数排名前三分之一的赋值为1,而后面计数相差不大的却赋值为0,可能会使得结果的衡量有所偏差。所以采用模糊范畴的隶属度重新计算RBC1。
- ② Previts等(1994)指出,非经常性损益调整后的利润、主营业务利润和营业利润等均可视作核心盈余。本文采用 “扣除非经常性损益后的净利润”定义核心盈余,“营业利润”作为核心盈余的替代变量做稳健性检验。